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Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, FIP Education (FIPEd) continued to produce reports, guidance documents, toolkits and virtual programmes to advance pharmacy education and early career development. Method(s): FIPEd, consisting of academic pharmacy section (AcPS), academic institutional membership (AIM), workforce development hub (WDH), university twinning and networking scheme (UNITWIN) - collaborating with Board Pharmaceutical Sciences (BPS), Board Pharmaceutical Practice (BPP), Young Pharmacists Group (YPG), and International Pharmaceutical Students' Federation (IPSF), developed resources, through consultation and validation, to advance pharmacy education and training programmes. Result(s): FIPEd resources 2020 - 2022 span a wide perspective of areas: 1) Global Competency Framework v2 (2020) - competencies for early career development;2) Digital Health in Pharmacy Education report (2020) and Train the Trainer Course (2022) - current status and development of digital health education programmes;3) UNITWIN Pharmacy Education in Sub-Saharan Africa report (2020) and 4) UNITWIN Pathfinder Toolkit (2021) - led to UNITWIN Regional Workshops and Global Summit 2021, subject of the FIP Workshop at EAFP 2022 with a regional specific roadmap for the European region;5) FIP WiSE - Women in Science and Education toolkit (2021) - promote positive practice environments for women in science and education;6) FIP AIM Enhancing academic leadership horizons in trying times virtual course (2021) - academic leadership skills development;7) Global Humanitarian Competency Framework (2021) - competencies for pharmacists working in humanitarian arenas;8) Curriculum for pharmacy students on substandard and falsified medicines (2021) - collaboration with WHO;9) FIP handbooks for accreditors and providers of programmes supporting the FIP platform for provision through partnerships (2022) - a new FIP programme whereby the FIP Seal assures programme providers align with the FIP mission and meet quality criteria. Upcoming resources for 2022 include: Competency Framework for Pharmaceutical Educators;Competency Based Education Handbook;Quality Assurance education tool;Impact of pharmaceutical workforce on health improvement and outcomes tool;Interprofessional Education Readiness tool. Conclusion(s): FIP resources have been used effectively by educators globally as guides to advancing pharmacy education. These new resources provide further guidance to assure pharmacy education programmes prepare graduates for contemporary and future-oriented careers to meet societal needs.
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The purpose of this chapter is to review a selection of recent studies of writing practices and research in order to synthesise and discuss the growing importance of technology orientation and digital literacy in English language learning and teaching. For this purpose, adopting a top-down framework, the chapter touches upon the issues of learning management systems (LMSs), personal learning environments (PLEs) and learning on language learning and teaching with examples of Symbaloo, writing correction, similarity and word-formation tools and feedback in digital classrooms. Finally, the chapter also provides an insight into and some examples of the current implementations in writing practices in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter, we explore current practices and research in the field of English language teaching and seek to shed light on this issue by overviewing the writing practices and online digital writing tools applied on a global scale in order to enhance interaction. More specifically, this chapter covers LMSs and PLEs, digital writing tools, content similarity detection tools, and student/teacher interaction and feedback in virtual classrooms with a special emphasis on learner autonomy. The results of this study have some far-reaching implications for language teachers, learners, language planners and curriculum developers. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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This study examines the effects of tourism on local residents' quality of life, happiness and life satisfaction. It also examines how locals' perceptions of the level of risk the COVID-19 pandemic poses on a destination moderates those effects utilizing data collected from residents of a mature tourism destination. The results suggest that economic benefits have significant influence on happiness while environmental and socio-cultural benefits influence quality of life perceptions. Findings also indicate a moderating effect of COVID-19 risk perceptions in the relationship between tourism and happiness and quality of life. These findings suggest that the perceived risk of COVID-19 pandemic on the destination affects individuals' both affective and cognitive evaluations;therefore, it serves as an effective factor in decision-making.
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Large-scale production of a new vaccine, such as the COVID-19 vaccine, is characterized by evolving demand and production yield uncertainties. Further, following its FDA approval for efficacy and safety, a vaccine may not even be manufacturable due to its low production yield and the resulting lack of profitability. To deal with those challenges in practice, a vaccine manufacturer can (stochastically) increase the uncertain yield of a vaccine prior to launching large-scale production by learning through small-scale, experimental production runs about manufacturing conditions that are conducive to raising that yield. After starting large-scale production and receiving revenues from the sale of the vaccine, the manufacturer can continue to stochastically improve vaccine yield by acquiring knowledge from real-time production data. The two key decisions faced by a vaccine manufacturer concern the optimal timing and capacity of the vaccine's large-scale production. To determine the structure of vaccine manufacturer's optimal decisions, we formulate and solve a stochastic, multiperiod, sequential-decision model, while incorporating the dynamic evolution of vaccine yield uncertainty under those two yield improvement strategies. We establish the optimality of a threshold stopping policy for the timing of the large-scale vaccine production. This policy depends in a fundamental way on the relative stochastic rates of the two yield improvement strategies. We characterize the manufacturer's optimal capacity decision and identify conditions under which optimal capacity and production yield become substitutes. We analyze the implications of our results for rendering a new vaccine large-scale manufacturable, and bringing it to the market sooner during a pandemic period. © 2022 Production and Operations Management Society.
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Last developments show that over-population, modern life and physical or mental health problems have steered the people to nature and isolated areas. It will be understood that camp and caravan tourism offers exciting experiences which demonstrate the value of the nature gives the chance to learn living with limited minimal conditions and especially provide secure tourism activities alternatively to current Covid-19 pandemic period negative tourism developments. The study aims to show how camp and caravan tourism can be an alternative for modern people insisting on sustainable and healthy tourism activities with social distance and isolated living instead of huge hedonic, unnecessary, luxury consumption and crowd living spaces. The study has constructed on a theoretical approach based on literature review and to support the theories webbased observational and hermeneutic analysis have been hold. Some potential geographies like Latin America and Europe have been selected to explain the contribution of camp and caravan tourism.
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Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are among the new generation oral anti-diabetic drugs that have started to be used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although these drugs are highly beneficial, life-threatening side effects such as euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA) are reported with their use. In eDKA, metabolic acidosis and anion gap appear in blood gases and serum glucose in less than 200 mg/dl.This can delay diagnosis and treatment. In our case, a 42-year female presented to the Emergency Room with nausea and vomiting. It was observed that the patient had been using empagliflozin for a year. Her blood gas analyses and laboratory tests showed metabolic acidosis and ketosis. The patient was initially suspected to be a case of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) complicating the course of diabetes, finally it was diagnosed as a case of eDKA due to empagliflozin use. We noticed that during the current pandemic, some other diagnoses can be missed or their diagnosis can be delayed. Key Words: Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, Empagliflozin, COVID-19, Diabetes mellitus.